Perilaku Sosial Emosional Anak dengan Screen Time Tinggi di Raudhatul Athfal (RA)
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan memperhatikan dampak dari penggunaan layar yang terlalu lama terhadap sikap sosial dan perasaan anak-anak usia dini (4-6 tahun) di RA Al-Qalbu Samarinda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan dua metode triangulasi, yaitu triangulasi sumber yang melibatkan wawancara mendalam dengan empat pendidik yaitu Hartini, Mayra, Karlina, serta wali murid, dan triangulasi teknik melalui observasi non-partisipan serta dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model yang dikembangkan oleh Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak yang memakai gadget terlalu lama lebih sering sendirian, kurang suka bermain bersama teman, tidak aktif dalam kegiatan kelompok, kurang peka terhadap perasaan orang lain, lambat merespon ajakan, serta mudah tersinggung saat penggunaan gadget dibatasi. Temuan dari observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa hal-hal tersebut konsisten terjadi, mengarah pada penurunan interaksi sosial langsung dan kesulitan dalam mengatur emosi karena terlalu sering menggunakan layar. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa waktu layar yang terlalu lama menghalangi perkembangan sosial dan emosional anak karena interaksi langsung diganti dengan stimulasi digital yang tidak aktif. Temuan ini memperkuat teori Zona Pengembangan Proksimal. (VYGOTSKY, 1980) dan teori (Lamont & Molnár, 2002) mengusulkan konsep "Digital Scaffolding yang Terbatas" sebagai perubahan pada teori tersebut di masa era digital. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya pembatasan waktu penggunaan layar secara teratur serta meningkatkan interaksi sosial yang bermakna berlandaskan nilai-nilai keislaman di lembaga pendidikan Raudhatul Athfal.
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